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THE UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE
AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE
Berries
SP 284-C
Blackberries and Raspberries
in Home Gardens
Wade J. Sperry, former Assistant Professor
Originally developed by Alvin D. Rutledge, Professor
Plant & Soil Science
Blackberries and raspberries (brambles) are a
commonly planted small fruit in home gardens.
They have vigorous growth, are seldom injured by
spring frost and consistently produce high-quality
fruit. The fruit is used for jams, jellies, pies and as a
fresh fruit. Because of their vigorous growth,
brambles should be planted in an area where they
can be contained. They lend themselves as effective
screens along property lines in landscapes. A
reduction in the availability of wild berries make
these fruits even more popular in home plantings.
By choosing different types of brambles, you can
harvest fresh fruit five to six months each year.
long that are not strong enough to support
themselves and require some type of trellis support.
They are propagated by tip layering. Sometimes
thornless fruit will sunburn because they mature in
the hotter part of the summer.
Types of Raspberries:
• summer-bearing, red-fruited
• black-fruited
• purple-fruited
•
fall-bearing, red-fruited
Summer-bearing, red-fruited
raspberries
produce one large crop of fruit in the summer. They
usually reproduce by root suckers and may produce
a thick hedge after three or four years.
Black-fruited
raspberries are not as productive
in Tennessee as some of the other types, because of
their susceptibility to diseases. They usually do not
produce root suckers and are propagated by tip
layering. Their canes are not very erect and require
trellising.
Purple
raspberries mature later in the summer
than the red-fruited raspberries . They are vigorous
but usually require trellising. They are propagated
by tip layering.
Types of Blackberries
Both thorned and thornless blackberries grow
well in Tennessee. Each type has its advantages and
disadvantages, though the sharp barbs on the
thorned type are a negative factor when grown in
the home landscape.
Thorned
blackberries do not require a trellis,
mature their fruit two to three weeks earlier than
the thornless varieties and usually have sweeter
fruit at maturity. They are propagated by root
suckers.
Thornless
blackberries are easier to prune and
maintain. They produce trailing canes 8 to 12 feet
Fall-bearing, red-fruited
raspberries produce
both a fall crop and early summer crop. The fall
crop is the largest and produced on the upper
portion of the cane, while the smaller summer crop
is produced on the lower portion of the cane. Fall-
bearing raspberries are often managed for a fall crop
only. With this method, all canes are cut at the
ground and removed in late winter. The new canes
that emerge during the spring will fruit that fall.
This is the only type of bramble that will produce
fruit the year the canes emerge. All other brambles
(both types of blackberries and all other raspberries)
produce vegetative canes one year, that fruit and die
the next year. Therefore, canes which have fruited
must selectively be removed with the vegetative
canes left for next year’s crop.
Hull
- Medium- to large-fruited variety with
good flavor. Fair winter hardiness.
Navaho
- Only thornless variety with erect
enough canes not to need trellising. Fruit quality
reported to be better than other thornless varieties,
but plants may not be as productive. Navaho has
shown resistance to “double blossom,” a fungus
disease common in Tennessee.
Raspberries:
Summer Red
Latham
- Plants yield well, but have fair
winter hardiness and are susceptible to mosaic
virus. Fruit is medium-sized, round, firm and light
red.
Titan
- An early maturing, large-fruited
variety with a high level of aphid resistance. May
require trellising. Plants are susceptible to crown
gall and root rot.
Choosing The Best Varieties
There are many varieties of brambles to choose
from when planting. Not all of these, however, are
adapted to Tennessee’s climate. Home gardeners
should consider the type of fruit they want and the
management required to grow this fruit. The
following varieties of blackberries and raspberries
are recommended for Tennessee:
Black
Cumberland
- Also known as “Blackcap.”
Canes are vigorous and productive. Fruit ripens in
mid-summer.
Bristol
- Heavier producer than
Cumberland, with larger, high-quality fruit.
Jewel
- Canes are vigorous and productive.
More resistant to disease and larger fruit than
Bristol.
Blackberries
:
Thorned Varieties
Cheyenne
- Large, attractive fruit that ripens
mid-June through early July. Canes are erect,
vigorous and productive, but susceptible to the
disease “rosette” (double blossom).
Shawnee
- Fruits are large, attractive and
have good flavor. Fruit ripens later and over a
longer time than Cheyenne. Plants are productive,
erect and vigorous, but also are susceptible to
rosette.
Purple
Brandywine
- Vigorous plants with some
disease resistance. Berries are large, tart and of good
quality.
Royalty
- Vigorous plants with multiple
resistance to insects and the raspberry aphid which
carries the mosaic virus. Larger, sweeter fruit than
Brandywine.
Choctaw
- Fruit size and flavor similar to
Cheyenne and Shawnee but ripens one week earlier
(early June). Plant vigor and growth are similar to
Shawnee, as is its susceptibility to rosette.
Fall-bearing red
Heritage
- Fruit is medium-sized, firm and
high-quality. Produces fruit late summer to first fall
frost.
Thornless Varieties
Chester
- Fruit quality is good with large
size, and the plants are vigorous and productive.
Fruit is less sensitive to sunburn and bleeding.
Plants have good winter hardiness and are resistant
to cane blight.
Ruby
- Larger fruit than Heritage and
matures two weeks earlier. May be susceptible to
root rot.
Autumn Bliss
- Fruit matures earlier than
Heritage and is of higher quality. Plants are less
vigorous than Heritage with fewer root suckers
produced.
The following table will assist in determining
the number of plants to be planted:
Fruit
No. of Plants Age to Near Yield Per
Per Family Member Peak Production Plant at Peak
Thornless Blackberry 1/2
3
2 gallons
Thorned Blackberry 2
3
1/2 gallon
Raspberries
3
3
1 quart
Selecting and Preparing a Planting Site
If possible, plant blackberries and raspberries a
minimum of 300 feet away from wild or existing
plantings of brambles, to reduce the potential for
disease problems. Avoid areas where tomatoes,
potatoes or eggplants have recently been grown, to
reduce the potential for verticillium wilt. Plant on a
north-facing slope or hillside to reduce injury from
spring frost. Almost any soil type, except those that
are sandy, poorly drained or droughty, is suitable.
The first step in preparing a site is to take a soil
sample. Sample boxes and information sheets are
available at your county Extension office. Work lime
and fertilizer into the soil before planting, in
accordance with soil test recommendations. Lay out
the row area and kill any weeds or grasses within
that area. This should be done in advance of
planting so any weed regrowth can be killed.
Planting Correctly
Brambles can be planted any time they are
dormant, usually from Nov. 1 to March 15. If a fall
planting is made, a mulch at the base of the plant
may reduce winter injury.
Either root cuttings or root suckers can be
planted. If root cuttings are used, plant them about
3 to 4 inches deep. If root suckers are used, make
holes large enough and deep enough to completely
spread the roots. Once planting is done, firm the soil
around the plant and water well.
Spacings used for blackberries and raspberries
are listed below:
In-Row
Between-Row
Fruit
Spacing (ft.)
Spacing (ft.)
Thornless Blackberries
8
10
Thorned Blackberries
3-4
10
Raspberries
2.5-3
8-10
SP284C-6M-9/97(Rev) E12-2015-00-047-98
A State Partner in the Cooperative Extension System
The Agricultural Extension Service offers its programs to all eligible persons regardless of race, color, national
origin, sex or disability and is an Equal Opportunity Employer.
COOPERATIVE EXTENSION WORK IN AGRICULTURE AND HOME ECONOMICS
The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture,
and county governments cooperating in furtherance of Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914.
Agricultural Extension Service
Billy G. Hicks, Dean
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